The key to understanding Istio and the Istio architecture is to know about both Envoy and Kubernetes. It’s not a question of Istio versus Envoy or Istio versus Kubernetes—they often work together to make a microservices-based containerized environment operate smoothly.
For example, service meshes like Istio are made up of both a control plane and a data plane. Istio uses an extended version of Envoy as its data plane. Envoy then manages all inbound and outbound traffic in the Istio service mesh.
Kubernetes, on the other hand, is an open source platform that gets rid of many of the manual processes involved in deploying and scaling containerized applications by automating and orchestrating them. And, although Istio is platform independent, using Istio and Kubernetes together is popular among developers.
Istio is platform-independent and designed to run in a variety of environments:
- Cloud
- On-premises
- Kubernetes
- Mesos
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